| Rank | Institution | Region | Primary Strength | Est. Annual Budget / Funding Scale |
| 1 | NASA (JPL, Goddard, Ames) | USA | Apex Hardware & Space Missions | ~$25 Billion (Agency Total) |
| 2 | ESA (European Space Agency) | Europe | Apex Hardware & Space Missions | ~$7.5 Billion (Agency Total) |
| 3 | JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) | Japan | Space Missions & Partnerships | ~$2 Billion (Agency Total) |
| 4 | ESO (European Southern Observatory) | Europe/Chile | Premier Ground-Based Telescopes | ~$350 Million |
| 5 | Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) | USA | Space Observatory Operations | ~$150 Million |
| 6 | Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics | USA | Advanced Spectrographs | ~$120 Million |
| 7 | Caltech / NExScI | USA | Data Archives & Ground Ops | ~$100+ Million |
| 8 | MIT Kavli Institute | USA | Mission Science Ops (TESS) | ~$50 - $100 Million |
| 9 | Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) | Germany | Direct Imaging Instrumentation | ~$40 - $60 Million |
| 10 | UC Berkeley Astronomy | USA | Direct Imaging & Doppler | ~$30 - $50 Million |
| 11 | Steward Observatory (University of Arizona) | USA | Optical Instrumentation | ~$30 - $50 Million |
| 12 | INAF (National Institute for Astrophysics) | Italy | Spectrographic Instrumentation | ~$30 - $50 Million |
| 13 | Paris Observatory (LESIA) | France | High-Contrast Imaging | ~$30 - $50 Million |
| 14 | Observatory of Geneva | Switzerland | Radial Velocity & Spectrographs | ~$20 - $40 Million |
| 15 | SETI Institute | USA | Large-Scale Data Processing | ~$25 - $35 Million |
| 16 | Penn State Center for Exoplanets | USA | Ultra-Precise Spectrographs | ~$20 - $30 Million |
| 17 | Institute of Astronomy (University of Cambridge) | UK | Transit Surveys (SPECULOOS) | ~$20 - $30 Million |
| 18 | University of Oxford Astrophysics | UK | High-Resolution Spectroscopy | ~$20 - $30 Million |
| 19 | University of Chicago Astronomy | USA | Atmospheres & Planet Formation | ~$15 - $25 Million |
| 20 | Princeton University Astrophysical Sciences | USA | High-Contrast Coronagraphs | ~$15 - $25 Million |
| 21 | Australian National University (RSAA) | Australia | Ground-Based Surveys | ~$15 - $25 Million |
| 22 | Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research | Germany | System Dynamics | ~$15 - $25 Million |
| 23 | University of Colorado Boulder (CASA) | USA | UV Astronomy & Atmospheres | ~$15 - $25 Million |
| 24 | Johns Hopkins University (APL) | USA | Spacecraft Engineering | ~$15 - $25 Million |
| 25 | National Astronomical Observatory of Japan | Japan | Subaru Telescope Operations | ~$15 - $25 Million |
| 26 | Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets | Canada | JWST Instrumentation & Systems | ~$10 - $20 Million |
| 27 | Other Worlds Laboratory (UC Santa Cruz) | USA | Atmospheric Modeling | ~$10 - $20 Million |
| 28 | Virtual Planetary Laboratory (U. of Washington) | USA | Habitability Modeling | ~$10 - $20 Million |
| 29 | McDonald Observatory (University of Texas) | USA | Planetary Architecture | ~$10 - $20 Million |
| 30 | University of Maryland Astronomy | USA | Orbital Dynamics | ~$10 - $20 Million |
| 31 | UCLA Exoplanet Group | USA | Keck Utilization & Astrometry | ~$10 - $20 Million |
| 32 | University of Michigan Astronomy | USA | Interferometry | ~$10 - $20 Million |
| 33 | ETH Zurich (Particle Physics & Astro) | Switzerland | Formation Theory | ~$10 - $20 Million |
| 34 | Center for Space & Habitability (U. of Bern) | Switzerland | Modeling & Cheops Leadership | ~$10 - $20 Million |
| 35 | Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) | Spain | Ground-Based Transit Surveys | ~$10 - $20 Million |
| 36 | Carl Sagan Institute (Cornell University) | USA | Spectral Catalogs & Biosignatures | ~$5 - $15 Million |
| 37 | Institute of Space and Astronautical Science | Japan | Space-Based Instrumentation | ~$5 - $15 Million |
| 38 | Dunlap Institute (University of Toronto) | Canada | Astronomical Instrumentation | ~$5 - $15 Million |
| 39 | McGill Space Institute | Canada | Extreme Environments | ~$5 - $15 Million |
| 40 | University of Warwick Astronomy | UK | Transiting Exoplanet Surveys | ~$5 - $15 Million |
| 41 | Centre for Exoplanet Science (U. of St Andrews) | UK | Cloud Formation Modeling | ~$5 - $15 Million |
| 42 | University of Exeter Exoplanet Theory Group | UK | Global Circulation Models | ~$5 - $15 Million |
| 43 | Space Research Institute (IWF) | Austria | PLATO Contributions | ~$5 - $15 Million |
| 44 | STAR Institute (University of Liège) | Belgium | TRAPPIST Telescopes | ~$5 - $15 Million |
| 45 | University of Florida Astronomy | USA | Exoplanet Demographics | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 46 | Yale University Astronomy | USA | Extreme Precision RV | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 47 | Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory | USA | Exomoon Detection Strategies | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 48 | Leiden Observatory | Netherlands | High-Dispersion Spectroscopy | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 49 | Univ. of New South Wales Exoplanet Science | Australia | Astrobiology & Doppler Surveys | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 50 | Earth-Life Science Institute (Tokyo Tech) | Japan | Origin of Life & Planet Formation | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 51 | University of Hawaii (Institute for Astronomy) | USA | Pan-STARRS & Keck Operations | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 52 | Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur | France | Interferometry & Dynamics | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 53 | University of Amsterdam (Anton Pannekoek Inst.) | Netherlands | High-Energy Astro & Atmospheres | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 54 | Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía | Spain | CARMENES Spectrograph Operations | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 55 | Astrobiology Center (NINS) | Japan | IRD Spectrograph & Direct Imaging | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 56 | KU Leuven (Institute of Astronomy) | Belgium | Asteroseismology & Atmospheres | ~$5 - $10 Million |
| 57 | University of Porto (IA) | Portugal | ESPRESSO Data & High-Res Spectra | ~$2 - $8 Million |
| 58 | Ohio State University Astronomy | USA | Microlensing Surveys & Demographics | ~$2 - $8 Million |
| 59 | University of Notre Dame | USA | Space-Based Microlensing (Roman) | ~$2 - $8 Million |
| 60 | Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile | Chile | RV Follow-ups & Direct Imaging | ~$2 - $8 Million |
| 61 | Aarhus University (Stellar Astrophysics Centre) | Denmark | Asteroseismology (Kepler/PLATO) | ~$2 - $8 Million |
| 62 | Keele University | UK | WASP Project Leadership | ~$2 - $8 Million |
| 63 | University of Goettingen | Germany | CARMENES Data & Radial Velocity | ~$2 - $8 Million |
| 64 | Lund Observatory | Sweden | Planet Formation Hydrodynamics | ~$2 - $8 Million |
| 65 | Vanderbilt University | USA | TESS Light Curve Analysis | ~$2 - $8 Million |
| 66 | Astronomical Inst. of the Czech Academy of Sciences | Czechia | PLATOSpec & Stellar Activity | ~$2 - $5 Million |
| 67 | University of Central Florida | USA | Exoplanet Characterization | ~$2 - $5 Million |
| 68 | National Astronomical Observatories of China | China | LAMOST Stellar Characterization | ~$2 - $5 Million |
| 69 | Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) | India | PARAS Spectrograph (Mount Abu) | ~$2 - $5 Million |
| 70 | South African Astronomical Observatory | South Africa | KELT-South & Transit Follow-ups | ~$2 - $5 Million |
| 71 | University of Southern Queensland | Australia | MINERVA-Australis Array | ~$2 - $5 Million |
| 72 | Weizmann Institute of Science | Israel | Atmospheric Dynamics Theory | ~$2 - $5 Million |
| 73 | Tel Aviv University | Israel | Detection Algorithms & Photometry | ~$2 - $5 Million |
| 74 | San Francisco State University | USA | Historical Radial Velocity | ~$1 - $4 Million |
| 75 | University of Victoria | Canada | Adaptive Optics Instrumentation | ~$1 - $4 Million |
| 76 | Queen's University Belfast (ARC) | UK | WASP Follow-ups & Transit Timing | ~$1 - $4 Million |
| 77 | University of Copenhagen (Niels Bohr Institute) | Denmark | Planet Formation & Disk Accretion | ~$1 - $4 Million |
| 78 | Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) | India | High-Resolution Spectroscopy | ~$1 - $4 Million |
| 79 | Diego Portales University | Chile | Exoplanetary Systems Demographics | ~$1 - $4 Million |
| 80 | Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg | Germany | RV Surveys (Brown Dwarfs/Planets) | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 81 | Universidad de Chile | Chile | Protoplanetary Disks (ALMA) | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 82 | National Central University | Taiwan | Evryscope & ZTF Data Mining | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 83 | Konkoly Observatory | Hungary | Stellar Activity & Habitability | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 84 | Wesleyan University | USA | M-Dwarf Habitability & Flares | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 85 | Boston University | USA | Exoplanetary Ionospheres | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 86 | Tsinghua University | China | Space Telescope Concepts (CHES) | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 87 | Uppsala University | Sweden | Stellar Magnetic Activity | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 88 | University of Helsinki | Finland | Planetary Interior Modeling | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 89 | Dartmouth College | USA | Exoplanet Data Science & ML | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 90 | University of Rochester | USA | Substellar Companions | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 91 | Rutgers University | USA | Kinematics of Planet-Forming Regions | ~$1 - $3 Million |
| 92 | George Mason University | USA | Exoplanet Database Curation | ~$1 - $2 Million |
| 93 | University of Pennsylvania | USA | CMB/Exoplanet Instrumentation | ~$1 - $2 Million |
| 94 | Valparaiso University | USA | Undergraduate Transit Surveys | ~$1 - $2 Million |
| 95 | University of Cape Town | South Africa | MeerKAT Radio Observations | ~$1 - $2 Million |
| 96 | Texas A&M University | USA | Extragalactic Planets | < $1 Million |
| 97 | Kyoto University | Japan | Exoplanet Climate Simulation (GCM) | < $1 Million |
| 98 | INAF - Observatory of Palermo | Italy | Ariel Space Mission Science Prep | < $1 Million |
| 99 | Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) | Spain | Biomarkers & Extremophiles | < $1 Million |
| 100 | Planetary Habitability Laboratory (UPR Arecibo) | Puerto Rico | Habitability Metrics & Data Curation | < $1 Million |
2ND CRITICISM:
Wave simulation website: https://www.falstad.com/ripple/
Paper about the single photon at a time version of the experiment: https://pubs.aip.org/aapt/ajp/article...
https://pubs.aip.org/aapt/ajp/article/84/9/671/1057864/Video-recording-true-single-photon-double-slit
1ST CONJECTURE:
"seeing" is a physical interaction between who observes and what is seen.
to observe a particle (like an electron), you must bounce something off it—usually a photon.
because quantum particles are so small, the energy of the "probe" photon is enough to knock the particle out of its original path.
we trade knowing the particle's wave-like path for knowing its exact position.
before measurement, a particle exists as a wavefunction, which is a mathematical cloud of possibilities, Superposition.
Collapse: Observation forces the universe to provide a single, definite answer. The cloud of possibilities "collapses" into one specific point. Or is it the limit of observation itself and its necessity to pick one state?
Collapse: Observation forces the universe to provide a single, definite answer. The cloud of possibilities "collapses" into one specific point. Or is it the limit of observation itself and its necessity to pick one state?
Wheeler: The universe is an "information processing" system. By observing, you ask a specific "Yes/No" question. The universe must then generate a "Bit" of data to answer you, turning "smoke" (possibility) into "it" (reality).
CTMU: Observation is a syntactic operator. It is the moment the universe's internal "language" (syntax) resolves an ambiguity into a specific "state." If the universe didn't collapse the wave, it would contain a logical contradiction.
| Perspective | Why it changes |
| Standard Physics | Interaction with the measuring device (decoherence). |
| Wheeler | The observer "closes the loop" of information. |
| CTMU | The universe resolves a logical ambiguity to maintain consistency. |
TLDR: Our spiritual recognition of hell vs. heaven is an internal navigation mechanism guided by the external long-term fact of the sun's explosion. There are two opposite directions: one leading to hell (extreme heat from the sun killing all common life) and one leading to heaven (escaping and everlasting life director).
two opposite directions, one leading to hell (extreme heat from sun killing all common life), one leading to heavens (forever lasting living thru our next versions), both communicate to you thru senses, chest sensed spiritually, symbolically, infront of your eyes within different environments. Binarity: you are building correctly to heavens, or falling to hell
(-) the hell recognition: negative motivation based
Sun will ultimately kill you, and all humans, animals, nature, woods, rivers, mountains, plants, houses, shops, products, infrastructures, roads, cars, planes, robots, machines...all current versions. Sun will ultimately kill planet Earth, and whole Solar System, un-falsifiably.
(+) heavens recognition: positive motivation based
from our collective soil of all encompasing life, you were given sensing and recognition abilities and believes compass mechanism to position, situate and orient, to not end up in hell, but self-correct out of the hell signs and reappoint your actions towards heavens, into next life in new constellations
feel, sense, see, and recognize hell situations, where you are situated and pointed incorrectly, leave those people, leave those situations, leave those places, feel sense and see, logically, ethically, technologically decisively re-situate self pointing correctly to heavens. recognize those differences by the names, symbolisms, numbers and listen to the internal spirit
be guided by spiritual compass mechanism, connected to the long timeframe of forever lasting life, a narrow space of focus where the hell was avoided, because you and many more of us saw, believed and listened and recorrected
out of heating sun's deadline,
heavens vs. hell compass is the fundamental self-regulating, self-correcting, self-recognizing, self-reinforcing, self-directing, self-empowering, self-guiding escape and evolve mechanism guiding you and all of us, towards heavens of new constelations in Space
K-type orange dwarf suns, take longest years to practically sustain life, before destruction.
G-Type Yellow Dwarfs: Have the shortest habitable lifespan (~10 billion years). Long before dying, they slowly increase in brightness. In about 1 billion years, our Sun will ultimately kill Earth.
M-Type Red Dwarfs: Have the longest lifespan (up to 10 trillion years). But emit extreme radiation hostile flares.
33 Habitable Candidates
| Rank | Planet | Distance | Mass | Orbit | Star | Constellation | Primary Interest (People & Focus) |
| 0 | Gliese 251 c | 18.2 | 3.8 | 53.6 | M | Gemini | Ignasi Ribas: Baseline atmospheric target for HWO direct imaging. |
| 1 | Earth | 0 | 1.0 | 365.2 | G | Solar System | Humanity: Global space agencies monitoring biosphere preservation. |
| 2 | TRAPPIST-1 e | 39.5 | 0.7 | 6.1 | M | Aquarius | Michaël Gillon: Prioritized for JWST transmission spectroscopy. |
| 3 | LHS 1140 b | 49.0 | 5.6 | 24.7 | M | Cetus | Charles Cadieux: Modeling ice-world vs. water-world signatures. |
| 4 | Proxima Centauri b | 4.2 | 1.1 | 11.2 | M | Centaurus | Guillem Anglada-Escudé: Monitoring stellar flare atmospheric stripping. |
| 5 | K2-18 b | 124.0 | 8.6 | 33.0 | M | Leo | Nikku Madhusudhan: Analyzing JWST data for dimethyl sulfide (DMS). |
| 6 | TRAPPIST-1 d | 39.5 | 0.4 | 4.0 | M | Aquarius | SPECULOOS network: Evaluating surface radiation limits. |
| 7 | TRAPPIST-1 f | 39.5 | 1.0 | 9.2 | M | Aquarius | Victoria Meadows: Modeling abiotic oxygen to rule out false positives. |
| 8 | TRAPPIST-1 g | 39.5 | 1.1 | 12.4 | M | Aquarius | Lisa Kaltenegger: Modeling terminator-line habitable conditions. |
| 9 | Teegarden's Star b | 12.0 | 1.0 | 4.9 | M | Aries | Mathias Zechmeister: Studying extreme Earth Similarity Index (ESI). |
| 10 | Ross 128 b | 11.0 | 1.4 | 9.9 | M | Virgo | Xavier Bonfils: ELT targeting for future direct oxygen detection. |
| 11 | Kepler-442 b | 1206.0 | 2.3 | 112.3 | K | Lyra | Dirk Schulze-Makuch: Defining "super-habitable" planetary models. |
| 12 | Kepler-186 f | 582.0 | 1.4 | 129.9 | M | Cygnus | Elisa Quintana: Baseline model for Earth-sized red dwarf habitability. |
| 13 | Kepler-452 b | 1800.0 | 5.0 | 384.8 | G | Cygnus | Jon Jenkins: Studying stellar aging effects on older Earth analogs. |
| 14 | Gliese 12 b | 40.0 | 0.9 | 12.7 | M | Pisces | Shishir Dholakia: Analyzing Venus-like vs. Earth-like evolution. |
| 15 | Luyten b | 12.2 | 2.9 | 18.6 | M | Canis Minor | Doug Vakoch: Target of Sónar Calling active radio messaging. |
| 16 | Teegarden's Star c | 12.0 | 1.1 | 11.4 | M | Aries | CARMENES Consortium: Evaluating multi-planet orbital stability. |
| 17 | Tau Ceti e | 12.0 | 4.3 | 168.1 | G | Cetus | Mikko Tuomi: Modeling asteroid impact risks from dense debris disks. |
| 18 | TOI-700 d | 101.0 | 1.2 | 37.4 | M | Dorado | Emily Gilbert: Coordinating TESS multi-sector follow-up observations. |
| 19 | TOI-700 e | 101.0 | 0.8 | 27.8 | M | Dorado | Emily Gilbert: Tracking inner-edge Earth-sized planetary models. |
| 20 | Gliese 667 Cc | 23.6 | 3.8 | 28.1 | M | Scorpius | Paul Butler: Mapping tight dynamic packing in multi-star systems. |
| 21 | Wolf 1061 c | 13.8 | 4.3 | 17.9 | M | Ophiuchus | Duncan Wright: Evaluating global heat distribution via tidal locking. |
| 22 | GJ 1002 b | 15.8 | 1.1 | 10.3 | M | Cetus | Alejandro S. Mascareño: Prepping ESPRESSO spectrograph follow-ups. |
| 23 | GJ 1002 c | 15.8 | 1.4 | 21.2 | M | Cetus | IAC Team: Simulating atmospheric weather on cold red dwarf planets. |
| 24 | GJ 1061 c | 12.0 | 1.8 | 6.7 | M | Horologium | Stefan Dreizler: Monitoring specific stellar flare impact rates. |
| 25 | GJ 1061 d | 12.0 | 1.7 | 13.0 | M | Horologium | Red Dots Campaign: Observing conditions at the outer edge. |
| 26 | Kepler-62 f | 981.0 | 2.8 | 267.3 | K | Lyra | Aomawa Shields: 3D climate modeling of ice coverage and albedo. |
| 27 | Kepler-62 e | 981.0 | 4.5 | 122.4 | K | Lyra | Eric Agol: Analyzing transit timing variations to constrain masses. |
| 28 | Kepler-22 b | 635.0 | 9.1 | 289.9 | G | Cygnus | William Borucki: Foundation model for massive water-world theories. |
| 29 | GJ 887 d | 10.7 | ~1.5 | 51.0 | M | Piscis Austrinus | Jeff Barnes: Confirming extreme low-flare environment for life. |
| 30 | Gliese 832 c | 16.0 | 5.4 | 35.7 | M | Grus | Robert Wittenmyer: Debating seasonal shifts due to eccentricity. |
| 31 | Gliese 357 d | 31.0 | 6.1 | 55.7 | M | Hydra | Diana Kossakowski: Mapping required thick atmosphere conditions. |
| 32 | K2-72 e | 217.0 | 2.2 | 24.2 | M | Aquarius | Ian Crossfield: Validating low-mass star statistical distributions. |
Believe Your sensings of Hell like interactions, environments, Heavens like ovservations. Binarily desisively with strong conviction, lead towards Heavens, go and lead us with confidence.